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Public Health Assessment
Fish and Shellfish Evaluation,
Isla de Vieques Bombing Range,
Vieques, Puerto Rico

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June 27, 2003
Prepared by:

Federal Facilities Assessment Branch
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
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Preparers of Report

Jeffrey Kellam, M.S. Geologist
Federal Facilities Assessment Branch
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation

Gary Campbell, Ph.D.
Environmental Health Scientist, Section Chief
Federal Facilities Assessment Branch Division of Health Assessment and Consultation

Michelle Arbogast, M.S.
Environmental Scientist
Eastern Research Group

Field Sampling Team

Gregory Zarus, M.S.
Atmospheric Scientist
Exposure Investigations and Consultation Branch
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation

Alan Humphrey
Environmental Scientist
US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Response Team

Daniel Cooke, M.S.
Marine Scientist
Lockheed Martin

References

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ATSDR. 1994. Toxicological profile for zinc. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. May 1994.

ATSDR. 1999a. Toxicological profile for mercury. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. March 1999.

ATSDR. 1999b. Toxicological profile for cadmium. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. July 1999.

ATSDR. 1999c. Toxicological profile for lead. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. July 1999.

ATSDR. 2000a. Toxicological profile for arsenic. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. September 2000.

ATSDR. 2000b. Toxicological profile for chromium. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. September 2000.

ATSDR. 2001a. Focused public health assessment: drinking water supplies and groundwater pathway evaluation, Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico. Division of Health Assessment and Consultation; Atlanta, Georgia. October 16, 2001.

ATSDR. 2001b. Toxicological profile for selenium. US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, Georgia. September 2001.

ATSDR. 2002. Exposure Investigation. Isla de Vieques: Edible Fish. Vieques, Puerto Rico. Division of Health Assessment and Consultation; Atlanta, Georgia. 20002.

ATSDR. 2003. Public health assessment: soil evaluation, Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico. Division of Health Assessment and Consultation; Atlanta, Georgia. February 2003.

ATSDR and the Ponce School of Medicine (PSM). 2001. Summary Report for the Vieques Heart Study: Expert Panel Review for a meeting held on July 12-13, 2001. Available from URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/NEWS/viequesheartreport.html.

Alabama Dept of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, Alabama's Artificial Reef Program. 2003. Available from URL: http://www.dcnr.state.al.us/mr/reef_hist.htm. Last accessed 2/14/03.

Artificial Reefs of the Keys. 2003. Available from URL: http://www.bigshipwrecks.com/ Last accessed 2/14/03.

Austin Nutritional Research (ANR). 2001. Reference guide for minerals. Available from URL: http://www.realtime.net/anr/minerals.html. Last accessed September 19, 2001.

Bermudez W. 1998. Brief history of Vieques. Available from URL: http://www.vieques-island.com/hisindx.html.

Burger J, Cooper K, Saliva J, Gochfeld D, Lipsky D, and Gochfeld M. 1992. Mercury Bioaccumulation in Organisms from Three Puerto Rican Estuaries. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 22:181-197. 1992.

Caro DA, Nazario M, Diaz N. 2000. Toxicological Survey of Heavy Metals in Fish Populations, Vieques Island. Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Matters. June 2000.

CH2MHILL and Baker Environmental, Inc. (Baker). 1999. Results of the hydrogeologic investigation: Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. November 4, 1999.

Colin PL. 1978. Caribbean Reef Invertebrates and Plants. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, NJ.

Department of the Navy (Navy), Atlantic Division. 1990. Water quality study at the US Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Facility, Vieques Island, Puerto Rico: September 1990.

Navy. 2000a. Finding of no significant impact for inert naval surface fire support, air-to-ground bombing, amphibious landings, and simulated mine warfare training, to include August composite training unit exercise (COMPTUEX) Inner Range, Vieques, Puerto Rico. July 27, 2000.

Commander of the Navy (Navy), Atlantic Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command. 2000b. Environmental Assessment for Transfer of the Naval Ammunition Support Detachment Property, Vieques, Puerto Rico. November 2000. Available from URL: www.navyvieques.navy.mil/navyvieques.default.htm .

Navy. 2001a. Installation restoration program: Community fact sheet. US Naval Ammunition Support Detachment, Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. Issue Number 2. April, 2001.

Eisenstein RS and Blemings KP. 1998. Iron regulatory proteins, iron responsive elements and iron homeostasis. The Journal of Nutrition 128: 2295-2298.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1991a. Toxicological review of cadmium. Washington, DC. January 1991.

EPA. 1991b. Toxicological review of selenium and compounds. Washington, DC. June 1991.

EPA. 1998. Toxicological review of hexavalent chromium. Washington, DC. August 1998.

EPA/Environmental Response Team (ERT). 1998. Fish Handling and Processing. Revision 0.0. Standard Operating Procedure #2039. April 10, 1998.

EPA. 2000. Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories. Volume 1: Fish Sampling and Analysis. November 2000. Available from URL: http://www.epa.gov/OST/fish/guidance.html.

EPA. 2001a. National Coastal Assessment Database. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. Last updated: 7/30/2001. Available from URL: http://www.epa.gov/emap.

EPA. 2001b. Consumption Advise Fact Sheet: National Advice on Mercury in Fish Caught by Family and Friends: For Women Who Are Pregnant or May Become Pregnant, Nursing Mothers, and young Children. January 2001. Available from URL: http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fishadvice/factsheet.html.

EPA/ERT. 2001. Field Data Summary, Vieques Fish Assessment. November 8, 2001.

EPA. 2002. Update: National Listing of Fish and Wildlife Advisories. May 2002. Available from URL: http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advisories/factsheet.pdf.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1993. Guidance document for arsenic in shellfish. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Washington, DC. January 1993. Available from URL: http://www.foodsafety.gov/~frf/guid-as.html.

FDA. 1997. Preventing iron poisoning in children. FDA Backgrounder. January 15, 1997. Available from URL: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/.

FDA. 2000. Is mercury in fish a safety concern? October 13, 2000. Available from URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~acrobat/hgadv8.pdf.

FDA. 2001a. Consumer Advisory: An Important Message for Pregnant women and Women of Childbearing Age Who May Become Pregnant About the Risks of Mercury in Fish. March 2001. Available from URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/admehg.html .

FDA. 2001b. Mercury Levels in Seafood. May 2001. Available from URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~frf/sea-mehg.html.

Feron VJ, Jonker D, Groten JP, Horbach GJMJ, Cassee FR, Schoen ED, Opdam JJG. 1993. Combination technology: From challenge to reality. Toxicology Tribune 14: 1-3.

US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 2001a. Analytical reports for pesticide sampling in land crabs and fiddler crabs in west Vieques. October 19, 2001.

FWS. 2001b. Analytical reports for inorganic sampling in land crabs and fiddler crabs in west Vieques. October 24, 2001.

FWS. 2002. Contaminant levels in crabs from two solid waste management units on Vieques National Wildlife Refuge. October 4, 2002.

Francesconi KA and Edmonds JS. 1997. Arsenic and marine organisms. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry 44:147-189.

Geo-Marine, Inc. 2002. Ex-USS Killen Site Investigation and Biological Characterization, Vieques Island, Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico. June 2002.

Humann P. 1994. Reef Fish Identification; Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Inc., Jacksonville, FL.

IT Corporation (IT). 2000. Atlantic Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Air dispersion modeling and related analyses for Inner Range operations, Vieques, Puerto Rico. Knoxville, TN: February 2000.

Jones AB and Slotten DG. 1996. Mercury Effects, Sources, and Control Measures. A Special Study of the San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA.

Kurtzweil P. 1993. Daily values encourage health diet. US Food and Drug Administration. May 1993. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/special/foodlabel/dvs.html.

Massol Deyá A and Díaz E. 2000a. Biomagnification of Carcinogenic Metals in Crab Tissue, Vieques, Puerto Rico. Casa Pueblo de Adjuntas. University of Puerto Rico, Recinto Universitario Mayaguez, Biology Department. January 12, 2000.

McRoy CP and Helfferich C. 1977. Seagrass Ecosystems: A Scientific Perspective. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, New York.

National Academy of Sciences (NAS). 2001a. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 2001. Available from URL: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/index.html.

NAS. 2001b. Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 2001. Available from URL: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309076293/html/index.html.

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 1994. Annual climatological summary for Vieques Island, Puerto Rico: May 1985 through January 1994.

Navy - see Department of the Navy

New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife. 2003. Artificial Reef Program. Available from URL: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/artreef.htm. Last accessed 2/14/03.

SAIC. 2002. Memorandum to DTRA-TDANP (M. Schaeffer) from SAIC (D. Raine) concerning radiation intensities aboard the HARDTRACK I target ship USS Killen (DD 593). March 28, 2002.

Seed J, Brown R, Olin P, Stephen S, and Foran JA. 1995. Chemical Mixtures: Current Risk Assessment Methodologies and Future Directions. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 22:76-94.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission. 2003. "Artificial Reefs: Artificial reefs enhance fishery resources plus fishing and diving opportunities off Texas". Available from URL: http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fish/reef/artreef.htm. Last accessed 2/14/03.

Torres-Gonzalez S. 1989. Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. US Geological Survey, Report 86-4100. San Juan, Puerto Rico: 1989.

US Bureau of the Census. 2000. Census of population and housing:  Summary Tape File. US Department of Commerce. 2000.

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2000. African dust causes widespread environmental distress. April 2000. Available from URL: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african-dust/events.html.

Young GA. 1978. Environmental dispersion of the products of explosions of conventional ordnance at Vieques Island, Naval Surface Weapons Center: August 28, 1978.

Zieman JC and Zieman RT. 1989. The Ecology of the Seagrass Meadows of the West Coast of Florida: A Community Profile. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85(7.25).


 
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