2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Toxicological Profile

At a glance

NCEH/ATSDR makes peer review information available to demonstrate efforts to utilize transparent and independent peer review, appropriate research methods, and the highest level of data quality. This ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D).

Details

Title: Toxicological Profile for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Subject of planned Report: The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects for the substance being described.

Purpose of Planned Report: The purpose of the toxicological profile is to provide a source of toxicological and epidemiological data. Data on hazardous substances most commonly found at hazardous waste sites support public health assessment efforts.

Type of Dissemination: ISI

Timing of Review (including deferrals): November 2016 (Draft for Public Comment Version) and October 2019 (Final Version, focus on MRLs)

Type of Review (panel, individual or alternative procedure): Individual

Opportunities for the Public Comment (how and when): A draft of this profile was made available for public comment in 2017.

Peer Reviewers Provided with Public Comments before the Review: No

Anticipated Number of Reviewers: 6 total. 3 reviewed the entire 2016 Draft for Public Comment Version and 3 reviewed the 2019 Final Version (focusing on MRLs).

Primary Disciplines or Expertise: Toxicology, Epidemiology, Environmental Fate & Transport, Environmental Health, related disciplines

Reviewers Selected by (agency or designated outside organization): CDC/ATSDR

Public Nominations Requested for Reviewers: No

Reviewers

Academic and Professional Credentials
PhDMPH
Current Position Title
Scientist Emeritus
Organizational Affiliation(s)
Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
Areas of expertise/discipline:
  • Evaluating cancer and other disease risks associated with agricultural exposures (pesticides)
  • Chemicals in the workplace and the general environment
  • Physical activity and disease
  • Methodologic issues in occupational epidemiology
  • Studies of under-investigated populations
Relevant experiences:
Dr. Blair has served on numerous review groups for IARC, EPA, and other agencies and organizations. He has authored more than 450 publications on occupational and environmental causes of cancer.
He has received the following awards:

  • NIH Director’s Award, the PHS Special Recognition Award
  • NIH Merit Award, the DHHS Quality of Work Life Award
  • The University of North Carolina H.A. Tyroler Distinguished Alumni Award
  • The John Goldsmith Award for Outstanding Contributions to Environmental Epidemiology from the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
  • The Harriet Barr Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Public Health Alumnus Association of the University of North Carolina and the NIH Director’s Award for the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill Study.
Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Academic and Professional Credentials
PhD
Current Position Title
Consultant
Organizational Affiliation(s)
Wilson Associates
Chapel Hill, NC
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
Years of experience in:

  • Evaluating pesticides exposures in children.
  • Analysis of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides.
  • Biomonitoring and evaluation of children’s exposures to chlorpyrifos, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.


Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Academic and Professional Credentials
PhDPharmD
Current Position Title
Professor
Organizational Affiliation(s)
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
  • Neurotoxicology
  • Signal-transduction systems in developmental neurotoxicity
  • Molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity
  • Biochemical markers of neurotoxicity
  • Children’s health
  • Food additives and contaminants
  • Genetic susceptibility
  • In vitro toxicology
  • Pesticides and children
  • Alcohol
  • Cell-cell interactions in developmental neurotoxicity
  • Toxicology of brominated flame retardants
  • Neurotoxicity of diesel exhaust
  • Paraoxonase 2
  • Gender-differences in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity
Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Academic and Professional Credentials
PhD
Current Position Title
Consultant (formerly long-term EPA employee)
Organizational Affiliation(s)
Ted Simon LLC
4184 Johnston Road,
Winston, GA 30187
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Academic and Professional Credentials
MDPhD
Current Position Title
Professor
Organizational Affiliation(s)
Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences
College of Vet Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
Areas of expertise:
  • Toxicology
  • Risk assessment
  • Hepatic toxicity
Relevant experience:
Dr. Rusyn’s laboratory has an active research portfolio funded by the National Institutes of Health and the US EPA. The focus is on the mechanisms of action of environmental toxicants and the genetic determinants of the susceptibility to toxicant-induced injury. Through a combination of in vivo animal studies and experiments that utilize cellular and molecular models, Dr. Rusyn’s laboratory aims to better understand why certain chemicals cause cancer or organ damage in rodents and whether humans in general, or any susceptible sub-population in particular, are at risk from similar exposures.
Publications
Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Academic and Professional Credentials
PhD
Current Position Title
ProfessorProgram Director, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology
Organizational Affiliation(s)
University of Florida Gainesville
Areas of Expertise, Discipline, Relevant Experiences
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Risk assessment including multiple papers on derivations of RfCs & RfDs Toxicokinetics, particularly bioavailability of environmental contaminants
  • Mechanisms of drug and chemical toxicity
  • Cell defense mechanisms against toxicity
  • Nanomaterial toxicity
  • Soil bioavailability
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Inhalation toxicology
  • Pesticides
  • Arsenic
  • PM
  • PFAS
  • Diverse xenobiotics
Recommended by Scientific/Professional Society or General Public
No

Resources

Guidelines for Peer Review of Toxicological Profiles
Guidelines for peer reviewers of toxicological profiles to enable ATSDR to address your comments.
Peer Review Charge for 2, 4-D Toxicological Profile
Review the peer review charge and post-public draft of 2, 4-D.
CDC/ATSDR’s Response to Reviewers’ Comments for Draft for Toxicological Profile for 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Download
Download
CDC/ATSDR’s Response to Reviewers’ Comments for Final Toxicological Profile for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Download
Download
The ISI/HISA Dissemination Itself
Print
Content Source:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry